Spanish Present Tense: A Comprehensive Guide

You may have noticed that as new age hippies take on pop-culture with their yoga and essential oils, there has been a big trend towards “being present”. Just BE in the present moment man, LIVE in the now!

But anyone who has tried to do so knows that just because the idea is simple does NOT mean it is easy.

Same goes with the Spanish present tense…

The Spanish present tense is actually quite challenging because it can express past, present, AND future (….say whaaaat?), not to mention the fact that it is riddled with orthographic (aka spelling), stem-vowel and diphthongization irregularities.

But HAVE NO FEAR, Extremely-Thorough-Grammar-Man is here! In today’s guide, you will not want to miss out on:

• Spanish present tense explained (as past, present, present continuous and future)
• How to conjugate the Spanish present tense step-by-step
• Spanish present tense practice for all uses
• Present tense Spanish sentences you can actually use!

Without further ado, let’s take a deep breath into the present moment and start breaking down this bad boy step-by-step!

Spanish Present Tense Explained With Examples

In this section, I will explain the different uses of the Spanish present tense, how it can be used in the past, present and future, and give several examples.

Comparison of the Simple, Continuous and Perfect Present Tense

First, here is a side-by-side look at the different present tense forms:

Language	Simple Present	Continuous Present	Perfect Present
English	I speak	I am speaking	I have spoken
Spanish	Yo hablo	Yo estoy hablando ← gerund!	Yo he hablado ← past participle!

The simple present + continuous present tenses ACTUALLY express what’s happening in this very moment or habitually, unlike the perfect present which only expresses the past.

Even though we love all tenses equally (sorry perfect), we will just focus on the simple present + continuous present in this article. (For all about the Perfect Present, check out this guide!)

Here’s how you use the simple present and continuous present in action!

Occurs Right Now (Simple Present)

These verbs show an action that is happening right now.

• Tengo frío/calor. (I am cold/hot, Literally: I have cold/hot.)
• Quiero un taco. (I want a taco.)
• El café está listo. (The coffee is ready.)
• Pablo necesita ir al baño. (Pablo needs to go to the bathroom.)

Habitual Action (Simple Present)

This is an ongoing action or something that takes place habitually.

• Todos los días voy al centro. (Every day I go to the center.)
• Aquí venden tacos. (They sell tacos here.)
• Los domingos vamos a la iglesia. (On Sundays we go to church.)
• Me gustan las películas. (I like movies.)

Historic Past (Simple Present)

This use of the present tense is mostly scholastic. It describes a past action with historical relevance. You can see this usage every day either in news articles or in history class.

• Hallan un enorme agujero negro en nuestra galaxia. (They discovered an enormous black hole in our galaxy.)
• Los portugueses llegan a Brasil en el año 1500. (The Portuguese arrived in Brazil in the year 1500.)
• Descubren asombroso cadáver de una sirena en Reino Unido. (They discovered the astonishing corpse of a mermaid in the UK.)
• Encuentran una colección de artefactos nazis en Argentina. (They found a collection of Nazi artefacts in Argentina.)

Past Action (Simple Present)

This expresses an action that was started in the past and continues to the present. It follows the form “hace” + amount of time + que + verb in present tense. Take a look at the examples:

• Hace dos años que no voy al dentista. (It’s been two years since I’ve been to the dentist.)
• Hace mucho tiempo que no nos vemos. (It’s been a long time since we’ve seen each other.)
• Hace un año que trabajo en la iglesia. (It’s been a year that I am working in the church.)
• Hace más de dos meses que viaja por Brasil. (It’s been more than two months that he’s traveling in Brazil.)

Future Action (Simple Present)

This is an easier way of expressing an action that hasn’t already occurred but will take place in the future. (For more on this use of the present in Future Tense Spanish, check out this awesome guide!)

• Le hablo mañana. (I’ll talk to him tomorrow.)
• Te llamo más tarde. (I’ll call you later.)
• Nos vemos en un rato. (We’ll see each other in a bit.)
• Lo hago mañana. (I’ll do it tomorrow.)

“I don’t always exercise, but when I do, I do it tomorrow”

Occurring Now (Continuous Present)

This describes an action that is taking place at this very moment. IMPORTANT: Although the simple present may ALSO be used for the same purpose, there are certain verbs that ONLY make sense in simple present (i.e. quiero, tengo, está…) and others that express progressive ongoing action (estoy caminando, estoy haciendo…)

• ¿Qué estás haciendo? (What are you doing?)
• Estoy comiendo verduras. (I am eating vegetables.)
• Estamos yendo al super. (We are going to the supermarket.)
• Están hablando demasiado. (They are talking too much.)

(For a refresher on Gerunds in Spanish, check out this article!)

BOTTOM LINE

We totally underestimate the importance of the Spanish present tense because it has so many uses. Now let’s learn how to conjugate it correctly, so we can actually start using it in all its glory!

How to Conjugate the Spanish Present Tense Step-by-Step

In this section, we will learn how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs ending in -ar, -er and -ir in the present tense.

Regular AR Verbs in Spanish Present Tense

Step 1: Identify the verb (hablar, andar, marcar, llamar…) and eliminate the -ar to get the verb stem (hablar, andar, marcar, llamar…)

Step 2: Add the appropriate endings:

yo	–o
tú	–as
él/ella/Usted	–a
nosotros	–amos
vosotros	–áis
ellos/ellas/ustedes	–an

Step 3: The results:

HABLAR (TO SPEAK)	ANDAR (TO WALK)	MARCAR (TO MARK)
yo hablo	yo ando	yo marco
tú hablas	tú andas	tú marcas
él/ella/Usted habla	él/ella/Usted anda	él/ella/Usted marca
nosotros hablamos	nosotros andamos	nosotros marcamos
vosotros habláis	vosotros andáis	vosotros marcáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan	ellos/ellas/ustedes andan	ellos/ellas/ustedes marcan

Regular ER Verbs in Spanish Present Tense

Step 1: Identify the verb (comer, beber, aprender, prender…) and eliminate the -er to get the verb stem (comer, beber, aprender, prender…)

Step 2: Add the appropriate endings:

yo	–o
tú	–es
él/ella/Usted	–e
nosotros	–emos
vosotros	–éis
ellos/ellas/ustedes	–en

Step 3: The results:

COMER (TO EAT)	BEBER (TO DRINK)	APRENDER (TO LEARN)
yo como	yo bebo	yo aprendo
tú comes	tú bebes	tú aprendes
él/ella/Usted come	él/ella/Usted bebe	él/ella/Usted aprende
nosotros comemos	nosotros bebemos	nosotros aprendemos
vosotros coméis	vosotros bebéis	vosotros aprendéis
ellos/ellas/ustedes comen	ellos/ellas/ustedes beben	ellos/ellas/ustedes aprenden

NOTE: Almost exactly the same as the -ar verbs, just swap -a for -e.

Regular IR Verbs in Spanish Present Tense

Step 1: Identify the verb (vivir, recibir, escribir, discutir…) and eliminate the -ir to get the verb stem (vivir, recibir, escribir, discutir…)

Step 2: Add the appropriate endings:

yo	–o
tú	–es
él/ella/Usted	–e
nosotros	–imos
vosotros	–ís
ellos/ellas/ustedes	–en

Step 3: The results:

VIVIR (TO LIVE)	RECIBIR (TO RECEIVE)	ESCRIBIR (TO WRITE)
yo vivo	yo recibo	yo escribo
tú vives	tú recibes	tú escribes
él/ella/Usted vive	él/ella/Usted recibe	él/ella/Usted escribe
nosotros vivimos	nosotros recibimos	nosotros escribimos
vosotros vivís	vosotros recibís	vosotros escribís
ellos/ellas/ustedes viven	ellos/ellas/ustedes reciben	ellos/ellas/ustedes escriben

NOTE: Only the nosotros and vosotros change from -er to -ir verbs.

Spanish Present Tense Irregulars: Conjugations to Watch Out For

In this section, we’ll cover the tricky irregularities that come out in the present tense conjugations. This really matters because the irregularities you learn in present tense carry over to the subjunctive tenses as well. Simple, but not easy!

Verbs with Irregular Yo Forms in the Present Tense

The following are some of the most common verbs that have unique yo forms.

PRONUNCIATION TIP: When a combines with i, it creates the sound “eye” (caigo – this is a diphthong!)

Spanish	English	yo
caer	to fall	caigo
caber	to fit	quepo
conocer	to know	conozco
dar	to give	doy
hacer	to do	hago
poner	to put	pongo
saber	to know	sé
salir	to go out	salgo
traducir	to translate	traduzco
traer	to take	traigo
valer	to be worth	valgo
ver	to see	veo

NOTE: Most verbs ending in -cer (parecer, crecer) and -cir (conducir, deducir) will change in yo → (reconozco, crezco) (conduzco, deduzco).

BUT THERE’S MORE: All stems are IMPORTANT. From the verb poner you also get proponer, suponer, posponer (to propose, to suppose, to postpone). These all change in the same exact way you have seen above (propongo, supongo, pospongo).

Verbs with Spelling Changes in the Yo Form Present Tense

Because of funny phonetic rules, some tricky verbs that end in -ger and -gir swap the g for a j in the yo form, and verbs ending in -guir must have yo forms ending in go. For example:

• distinguir (to distinguish) → distingo
• extinguir (to extinguish) → extingo
• dirigir (to direct) → dirijo
• escoger (to choose) → escojo
• exigir (to demand) → exijo
• coger (to grab) → cojo

Verbs with Irregular Stem Changes in the Present Tense: O → UE

Some verbs that contain the letter o change the stem from o to ue with all pronouns EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros.

PRONUNCIATION TIP: When u combines with e, it makes a “w” sound (almuerzo – this is also a diphthong!)

For example, look at the irregularities in almorzar (to have lunch):

yo	almuerzo
tú	almuerzas
él/ella/Usted	almuerza
nosotros	almorzamos
vosotros	almorzáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes	almuerzan

Same goes for the following:

• contar (to tell) → cuento
• dormir (to sleep) → duermo
• encontrar (to find) → encuentro
• mostrar (to show) → muestro
• poder (to be able) → puedo
• recordar (to recall) → recuerdo
• volver (to come back) → vuelvo

NOTE: Exception to the exception is the verb “jugar”, which conjugates juego, jugamos, and jugáis.

Verbs with Irregular Stem Changes in the Present Tense: E → IE

Some verbs that contain the letter e (cerrar, comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder, preferir, querer…) change the verb stem from e to ie with all pronouns EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros.

PRONUNCIATION TIP: When i is followed by another vowel, it produces the “y” sound from “year” (cierra – you guessed it – diph to the thong!)

For example, check out the verb cerrar (to close):

yo	cierra
tú	cierras
él/ella/Usted	cierra
nosotros	cerramos
vosotros	cerréis
ellos/ellas/ustedes	cierran

Same goes for the following:

• comenzar (to commence) → comienzo
• empezar (to start) → empiezo
• entender (to understand) → entiendo
• pensar (to think) → pienso
• perder (to lose) → pierdo
• preferir (to prefer) → prefiero
• querer (to want) → quiero

Verbs with Irregular Stem Changes in the Present Tense: E → I

These are the smallest category of irregulars. Verbs with e (pedir, repetir, seguir, conseguir, servir…) change the verb stem from e to i with all pronouns EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros.

Let’s analyze the verb pedir:

yo	pido
tú	pides
él/ella/Usted	pide
nosotros	pedimos
vosotros	pedís
ellos/ellas/ustedes	piden

Same goes for its brothers:

• repetir (to repeat) → repito
• seguir (to follow) → sigo
• conseguir (to get) → consigo
• servir (to serve) → sirvo

Complete Irregular Verbs (Ser & Ir) in Present Tense Being Extra AF

These are two of THE MOST common verbs. You just need to memorize these verbs if you want to Spanish (yes, I made Spanish a verb).

SER (TO BE)	IR (TO GO)
yo soy	yo voy
tú eres	tú vas
él/ella/Usted es	él/ella/Usted va
nosotros somos	nosotros vamos
vosotros sois	vosotros vais
ellos/ellas/ustedes son	ellos/ellas/ustedes van

Phew! Irregulars out of the way, let’s quickly look at the much simpler continuous present and then knock out some practice!

How to Conjugate the Spanish Present Continuous Tense Step-by-Step

In this section, we’ll break down the present continuous, aka progressive tense, or “I am doing/eating/walking” tense. This tense is simply the verb estar conjugated + gerund (doing/eating/walk).

LISTEN UP: The continuous is IMPORTANT because it’s identical to the English use AND it carries into the past imperfect too (I was doing/eating/walking…). Master this and double your fluency!

Step 1: Conjugate the verb estar:

yo	estoy
tú	estás
él/ella/Usted	está
nosotros	estamos
vosotros	estáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes	están

Step 2: Add gerund

• hacer (to do) → haciendo → estoy haciendo (I am doing)
• estudiar (to study) → estudiando → (ella) está estudiando (She is studying)
• caminar (to walk) → caminando → están caminando (They are walking)

All done! Wasn’t that easy? Well, THAT’S NOT ALL! We have got some practice to see if you were paying attention!

Spanish Present Tense Practice

In this section, I will give you some verbs in the infinitive and you’ll conjugate it into real examples you can turn around and use in your everyday life!

REMEMBER: Pronouns are not usually used in Spanish because the conjugation itself indicates the subject. However, in the practice, we’ve highlighted the pronouns in (red) to facilitate!

1. (Dormir) Todas las noches (yo) ________ a las 10. (I sleep every night at 10.)
2. (Escoger) (Yo) ______ estar contigo todos los días. (I choose to be with you every day.)
3. (Comer) (Yo) _______ ________ ahora, no puedo hablar! (I am eating now, I can’t talk!)
4. (Hacer) (Yo) lo ________ mañana en la tarde. (I’ll do it tomorrow afternoon.)
5. (Cerrar) (Yo) siempre ______ la puerta de mi cuarto. (I always close the door to my room.)
6. (Volver) ¿A qué hora ________ (Tú)? (What time do you come back?)
7. (Estudiar) (Ellos) _______ ______ en este momento, no los molestes! (They are studying right now, don’t bother them!
8. (Ser) (Tú) ______ lo mejor! Gracias! (You are the best! Thank you!)
9. (Ir) Hace dos años (yo) no ____ al médico. (It’s been two years since I’ve been to the doctor.)
10. (Encontrar) (Ellos) ______ cadáver de mamut de casi 40 mil años. (They found the corpse of a 40,000-year-old mammoth.)

Answers to Spanish Present Tense Practice

1. (Dormir) Todas las noches duermo a las 10. (I sleep every night at 10.)
2. (Escoger) Escojo estar contigo todos los días. (I choose to be with you every day.)
3. (Comer) Estoy comiendo ahora, no puedo hablar! (I am eating now, I can’t talk!)
4. (Hacer) Lo hago mañana en la tarde. (I’ll do it tomorrow afternoon.)
5. (Cerrar) Siempre cierro la puerta de mi cuarto. (I always close the door to my room.)
6. (Volver) ¿A qué hora vuelves? (What time do you come back?)
7. (Estudiar) Están estudiando en este momento, no los molestes! (They are studying right now, don’t bother them!)
8. (Ser) Eres lo mejor! Gracias! (You are the best! Thank you!)
9. (Ir) Hace dos años no voy al médico. (It’s been two years since I’ve been to the doctor.)
10. (Encontrar) Encuentran cadáver de mamut de casi 40 mil años. (They found the corpse of a 40,000-year-old mammoth.)

How did you do?! These practice sentences show you just how diverse the present tense can be! Let’s do a quick recap!

Back to the present moment…

I can’t emphasize enough how important the mastery of the present tense is! Simple, but not easy!

Let’s go over the many uses of the Spanish present tense that we covered in this article:

• Spanish present tense to express the past (Los portugueses llegan a Brasil en el año 1500…)
• Spanish present tense to express a habit (Los domingos hago yoga…)
• Spanish present tense to express the present moment (Tengo frío…)
• Spanish present tense to express the future (Hablamos mañana…)
• Irregularities in the Spanish present tense that carry over into the subjunctive (duermo → espero que duermas)
• Continuous present tense works just like English and carries over to the past imperfect (estoy haciendo… estaba haciendo)

Of course, you can’t just meditate on all the irregulars, you hippies! You need to practice. Check out this awesome interactive game to master the present tense Spanish!

Challenge yourself with Clozemaster

Test your skills and see what you’ve learned from this article by playing a selection of sentences with the Spanish present tense:

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Clozemaster has been designed to help you learn the language in context by filling in the gaps in authentic sentences. With features such as Grammar Challenges, Cloze-Listening, and Cloze-Reading, the app will let you emphasize all the competencies necessary to become fluent in Spanish.

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