{"id":638,"date":"2017-11-12T11:32:12","date_gmt":"2017-11-12T11:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/?p=638"},"modified":"2017-11-14T19:53:47","modified_gmt":"2017-11-14T19:53:47","slug":"polish-imperative-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/polish-imperative-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"The Complete Guide to Polish Imperative Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Polish imperative verbs are special verb forms whose purpose is\u00a0<strong>issuing commands, giving advice, making requests<\/strong>\u00a0and many others.<\/p>\n<p>In English, you would usually use the infinitive verb form, as in\u00a0\u201cClean your room.\u201d Alternatively, the verb \u201cto let\u201d is used to make imperative-like suggestions, usually as \u201clet&#8217;s\u201d: \u201cLet&#8217;s go for a walk.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In Polish, you have to exert a bit more effort to arrive at the correct imperative form.<strong> This guide will teach you all you need to know.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>The perfective\/imperfective distinction<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Before we move on to the imperative mood, you should first know that nearly all Polish verbs belong to one of two classes: <strong>perfective<\/strong> or <strong>imperfective<\/strong>. These are known as\u00a0<strong>grammatical aspects.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Perfective<\/strong> verbs describe actions that have <strong>a clearly defined beginning and end<\/strong>. In other words, actions that have clearly been completed in the past or will be completed in the future.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imperfective<\/strong>\u00a0verbs describe actions <strong>without any reference to their completion<\/strong>. We know that they have a beginning, but we don&#8217;t know anything about the end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Polish imperative verbs in the second person singular<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The most basic imperative forms are the <strong>second person singular <\/strong>ones. As the name would suggest, their purpose is\u00a0<strong>issuing commands to a single person<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The second person singular form is also the basis for imperatives in some other persons<\/strong>.\u00a0Because of this, you should learn how to use it before moving on to other imperative forms.<\/p>\n<p>The way you arrive at the second person singular form depends on the verb. For this purpose, it is possible to break up Polish verbs into three groups:<\/p>\n<h3>Group 1: Imperative form = verb stem<\/h3>\n<p>For many <strong>imperfective\u00a0<\/strong>verbs, the second person singular imperative is more or less <strong>equal to the verb&#8217;s stem in the third person singular <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">present<\/span> tense form<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>You just take the base form, cut away the ending, and there you are: the remaining part is your verb in the imperative mood. Well, sometimes you might have to make some adjustments, but more on that in a minute.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-652\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table.png\" alt=\"Polish imperfective imperative verbs in the second person singular table\" width=\"3362\" height=\"1345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table.png 3362w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-1024x410.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3362px) 100vw, 3362px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>For\u00a0<strong>perfective<\/strong> verbs in this group, the procedure is pretty much the same, except this time <strong>the source of the stem is the\u00a0third person singular form in the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">future<\/span> tense\u00a0<\/strong>(perfective verbs don&#8217;t have present tense forms):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table.png\" alt=\"Polish perfective imperative verbs in the second person singular table\" width=\"3365\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table.png 3365w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-768x308.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-table-1024x411.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3365px) 100vw, 3365px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>However, you must note that the last two verbs in both tables require some additional changes.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<strong><em>(za)p\u0142aci\u0107<\/em><\/strong>, the final\u00a0<strong><em>c<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0in the stem changes into\u00a0soft\u00a0<em><strong>\u0107 <\/strong><\/em>in the imperative verb<abbr title='After all, in &lt;em&gt;zap\u0142a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ci&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;c&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; sound is softened by the final &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; in the stem. The imperative form has to somehow make up for the loss of the soft vowel, hence the soft &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u0107&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;.' rel='tooltip'>*<\/abbr>. You can expect to see this kind of shift quite often, also as <em><strong>ni \u2192 \u0144<\/strong>, <strong>si \u2192<\/strong><strong> \u015b<\/strong><\/em>, and<em>\u00a0<strong>zi\u00a0\u2192 \u017a<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<em><strong>(z)robi\u0107<\/strong><\/em>, the\u00a0<em><strong>o<\/strong><\/em> changes into\u00a0<em><strong>\u00f3<\/strong><\/em>. This is also a relatively common shift in imperative forms.<\/p>\n<h3>Group 2: Imperative form = verb stem + &#8211;<em>j<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Another large group consists of verbs whose<strong> stem in the third person singular ends in the vowel\u00a0<em>a<\/em><\/strong>. In these verbs, <strong>the imperative form is created by adding\u00a0<em>-j<\/em> to the stem<\/strong>, so that the final form ends with\u00a0<em><strong>-aj<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Once again, the source of the third person singular verb stem depends on the verb&#8217;s aspect. For imperfective verbs, the stem is taken from the present tense form, for perfective verbs \u2013 from the future tense form.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-654 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table.png\" alt=\"Polish imperfective imperative verbs in the second person singular with the -j ending table\" width=\"3363\" height=\"1349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table.png 3363w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-768x308.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-1024x411.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3363px) 100vw, 3363px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-656 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table.png\" alt=\"Polish perfective imperative verbs in the second person singular with the -j ending table\" width=\"3363\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table.png 3363w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-768x308.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-perfective-imperative-verbs-with-the-j-ending-table-1024x411.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3363px) 100vw, 3363px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Group 3: Special cases<\/h3>\n<p>The third group is by far the smallest one, as it contains rare exceptions to the above rules. The table below presents a selection of the most common ones:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-657 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-special-cases-table.png\" alt=\"Polish imperative mood in the second person singular \u2013 special cases table\" width=\"2697\" height=\"1618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-special-cases-table.png 2697w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-special-cases-table-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-special-cases-table-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-singular-special-cases-table-1024x614.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2697px) 100vw, 2697px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>First are the verbs\u00a0<strong><em>by\u0107<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0<strong><em>mie\u0107<\/em><\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong><em>je\u015b\u0107<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0whose imperative forms noticeably differ from their third person singular forms. This shouldn&#8217;t be very surprising, as the three verbs tend to conjugate very irregularly.<\/p>\n<p>Then, there are the verbs\u00a0<strong><em>biec<\/em><\/strong> and\u00a0<em><strong>spa\u0107<\/strong><\/em>. Even though their third person singular stems don&#8217;t end in\u00a0<em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em>, they\u00a0take an additional\u00a0<em><strong>-j<\/strong><\/em> in the imperative, which results in a soft\u00a0<em><strong>-ij<\/strong><\/em> ending.<\/p>\n<p>The verb\u00a0<strong><em>wstawa\u0107<\/em><\/strong> has the imperative form\u00a0<em><strong>wstawaj<\/strong><\/em>, which is derived from the infinitive, rather than the third person singular form <em>wstaje<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>A similar thing can be said about the perfective verb\u00a0<em><strong>powiedzie\u0107<\/strong><\/em>, whose imperative form\u00a0<em><strong>powiedz\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>derives from\u00a0the infinitive, and not the third person singular form\u00a0<em>powie<\/em>. The same will be true for other verbs with the root\u00a0<em>wiedzie\u0107<\/em>, such as\u00a0<em>odpowiedzie\u0107 <\/em>(\u201cto answer\u201d)\u00a0or\u00a0<em>dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119 <\/em>(\u201cto find out\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the imperative of the perfective verb\u00a0<em><strong>wzi\u0105\u0107 <\/strong><\/em>is\u00a0<em><strong>we\u017a<\/strong><\/em>, and not\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">we\u017am<\/span>\u00a0<\/em>as the third person singular form might suggest.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Polish imperative verbs in the s<\/strong><strong>econd person plural<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Unlike the second person singular, the purpose of the second person plural form is <strong>addressing multiple people<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>from groups of two to entire nations.<\/p>\n<p>Once you know how to form imperative verbs in the second person singular, it is extremely easy to arrive at the plural variant.\u00a0<strong>All you have to do is add the suffix\u00a0<\/strong><em><strong>-cie\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><strong>to the singular form<\/strong>. There really isn&#8217;t any catch to this.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-658 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-plural-table.png\" alt=\"Polish imperative verbs in the second person plural table\" width=\"3363\" height=\"1648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-plural-table.png 3363w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-plural-table-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-plural-table-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-second-person-plural-table-1024x502.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3363px) 100vw, 3363px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Note that, unlike in some other languages,\u00a0the second person plural form cannot be used as the polite <\/strong><strong>variant of the imperative<\/strong><strong>\u00a0when addressing a single person<\/strong>. For that purpose, you have to use a third person structure with a formal pronoun. But more on that later.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Polish imperative verbs in the f<\/strong><strong>irst person plural<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The first person plural imperative is for\u00a0<strong>addressing groups to which we ourselves belong<\/strong>. In other words, you use it to issue commands\/requests\/suggestions that the entire group (yourself included) is supposed to follow. This more or less <strong>corresponds to how \u201clet&#8217;s\u201d<em>\u00a0<\/em>works in English<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Forming imperatives in the first person plural is very simple:<strong>\u00a0just add the suffix <em>\u2013my\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong>to the second person singular form<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-659 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-first-person-plural-table.png\" alt=\"Polish imperative verbs in the first person plural table\" width=\"3359\" height=\"1646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-first-person-plural-table.png 3359w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-first-person-plural-table-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-first-person-plural-table-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Polish-imperative-verbs-first-person-plural-table-1024x502.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3359px) 100vw, 3359px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Using the imperative mood<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Now that we&#8217;ve reviewed the most common imperative forms, let&#8217;s say a few words about how they&#8217;re used in context. We&#8217;ll mainly focus on<strong> how the intent behind the command affects the choice of the verb aspect.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong><strong>he general guidelines outlined below will apply to imperative verbs in all persons, including forms we&#8217;ll only discuss later.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Positive commands<\/h3>\n<p>When issuing positive commands\u00a0(\u201cdo this\u201d), we can use both perfective and imperfective verbs. It all depends on the context.<\/p>\n<p>If the request is meant to emphasize that we expect the action to be brought to an end (completed), we typically use <strong>perfective verbs<\/strong> (like\u00a0<em>przeczytaj<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, if the command is supposed to get the other person to just start doing something, without any expactation of a specific end result, it should contain an <strong>imperfective verb<\/strong> (like\u00a0<em>czytaj<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>So a parent might address their child by using a <strong>perfective verb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Przeczytaj<\/strong> t\u0119 ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0119<\/em>. (\u201c<strong>Read<\/strong> this book.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the emphasis is on<strong> actually<\/strong> <strong>finishing<\/strong> <strong>the book<\/strong> \u2013 perhaps reading the whole thing is a part of a school assignment that is due soon.<\/p>\n<p>Alternatively, the parent might use an <strong>imperfective verb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Czytaj\u00a0<\/strong>t\u0119 ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0119.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>Read<\/strong> this book.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>Here, the emphasis is on<strong> the action itself<\/strong>: the child is made to sit down and read the book for some time. The command doesn&#8217;t make it clear whether the parent actually expects the child to finish the book anytime soon.<\/p>\n<h3>Negative commands<\/h3>\n<p>The grammar of negative commands (\u201cdon&#8217;t do this\u201d) is a bit different to that of positive commands. There isn&#8217;t that much choice when it comes to the aspect, as\u00a0<strong>negative commands mostly employ the imperfective aspect<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, when asking someone not to do something, it usually doesn&#8217;t matter if you want to prohibit them from doing the action altogether, or just from bringing it to completion. In both cases, you&#8217;ll probably want to use the <strong>imperfective aspect<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Nie czytaj<\/i>\u00a0<\/b><em>tej ksi\u0105\u017cki.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>Don&#8217;t read<\/strong> this book.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>However, there are still some contexts where the <strong>perfective aspect<\/strong> will be more appropriate in negative commands. It is rather difficult to point to them all, but they mostly involve <strong>warning somebody against doing something careless or impulsive<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>Uwa\u017caj, <strong>nie upu\u015b\u0107<\/strong> telefonu.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201cBe careful,\u00a0<strong>don&#8217;t drop <\/strong>the phone.\u201d<strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Oto twoje pieni\u0105dze. <strong>Nie wydaj<\/strong> wszystkiego na raz.<\/em>\u00a0(\u201cHere&#8217;s your money. <strong>Don&#8217;t spend<\/strong> it all at once.\u201d)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Polish imperative verbs in the t<\/strong><strong>hird person<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Imperative verbs in the third person are a bit weird.<\/strong> They&#8217;re commands requesting some third party to do (or not to do) something&#8230; yet the third party is rarely there to hear the command.<\/p>\n<p>It might be difficult for an English speaker to intuitively grasp this concept. As you&#8217;ll see in a minute, English doesn&#8217;t really have a single common expression that would account for all the various uses of the Polish imperative mood in the third person.<\/p>\n<p>The Polish imperative forms in the third person are created differently to the first and second person forms. Instead of adding an imperative-specific ending to the verb, they rely on a separate word that is placed before the verb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>To form an imperative verb in the third person, you must place the particle <em>niech<\/em> before the verb in the present tense (imperfective aspect) or future tense (perfective aspect) form<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Third person singular<\/h3>\n<p>In third person\u00a0<strong>singular<\/strong>, the present\/future tense verb following\u00a0<em><strong>niech<\/strong><\/em> must also be in its <strong>singular form<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech<\/strong> Tom <strong>odda<\/strong> mi moje pieni\u0105dze.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Depending on the context, you can interpret this sentence as anything from \u201cI wish Tom gave me back my money\u201d to \u201cMake sure that Tom gives me back my money\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some more examples \u2013 note how the English translation changes depending on the context:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech<\/strong> to <strong>b\u0119dzie<\/strong> nasz ma\u0142y sekret<\/em>. (\u201c<strong>Let<\/strong> it <strong>be<\/strong> our little secret.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><em>kto\u015b mi <strong>pomo\u017ce<\/strong>!<\/em> (\u201cSomeone\u00a0<strong>help<\/strong> me!\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech<\/strong> Moc <strong>b\u0119dzie<\/strong> z tob\u0105.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>May<\/strong> the Force <strong>be<\/strong> with you.\u201d)<\/p>\n<h3>Third person plural<\/h3>\n<p>Quite reasonably, third person imperative in the <strong>plural<\/strong> requires the present\/future tense verb after\u00a0<em><strong>niech<\/strong><\/em> to be in the <strong>plural form<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech<\/strong> dzieci <strong>id\u0105<\/strong> spa\u0107.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Once again, depending on the situation, this can mean \u201cI wish the children went to sleep\u201d, \u201cMake the children go to sleep\u201d, or \u201cPut the children to sleep\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some other examples with third person infinitives in the plural:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech pomog\u0105<\/strong> ci rodzice.\u00a0<\/em>(<strong>~<\/strong> \u201cAsk your parents to help you.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><i><strong>Niech nie krzycz\u0105<\/strong> tak g\u0142o\u015bno.\u00a0<\/i>(<strong>~<\/strong> \u201cThey should stop screaming so loudly.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><i><strong>Niech jedz\u0105<\/strong> ciastka.\u00a0<\/i>(\u201c<strong>Let<\/strong> <strong>them eat<\/strong> cake.\u201d)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Polite and formal imperative expressions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As you probably know, third person verb forms in Polish double as formal\/polite forms of address when used together with formal pronouns such as\u00a0<em>pan<\/em>,\u00a0<em>pani<\/em>, or\u00a0<em>pa\u0144stwo<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>This is also true of the imperative mood:<strong> if you want to issue a polite command or request to a stranger, superior or a casual acquaintance, one way to do this is to use the third person imperative (<em>niech\u00a0<\/em>+ verb) combined with a formal pronoun.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The formal pronoun is typically placed between\u00a0<em>niech<\/em> and the verb.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s best to illustrate this with some examples:<\/p>\n<p><em>Prosz\u0119, <strong>niech pan wejdzie<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>Please come in<\/strong>.\u201d<abbr title='when addressing a man' rel='tooltip'>*<\/abbr>)<\/p>\n<p><i><strong>Niech pani zadzwoni<\/strong> za godzin\u0119. <\/i>(\u201c<strong>Please call<\/strong> in an hour.\u201d\u00a0<i><abbr title='when addressing a woman' rel='tooltip'>*<\/abbr><\/i>)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Niech pa\u0144stwo<\/strong> chwil\u0119 <strong>zaczekaj\u0105<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>Please wait<\/strong> a moment.\u201d\u00a0<i><abbr title='when addressing two or more people of mixed gender' rel='tooltip'>*<\/abbr><\/i>)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Imperative-like structures with \u201cprosz\u0119\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>One more way of issuing polite commands is <strong>combining the word\u00a0<em>prosz\u0119<\/em> (\u201cplease\u201d) with the infinitive form of the verb<\/strong>. While it can&#8217;t really be classified as the imperative mood, it is used in a very similar way.<\/p>\n<p>A request employing the word <em>prosz\u0119\u00a0<\/em>is usually considered to be even more formal than the third person imperative with a formal pronoun. It is the most\u00a0<strong>impersonal <\/strong>of all direct commands, as it doesn&#8217;t really point to a specific addressee. This is also why it is often used in public communications.<\/p>\n<p>Below are a few examples:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Prosz\u0119 zamyka\u0107<\/strong> za sob\u0105 drzwi.<\/em> (\u201c<strong>Please close<\/strong> the door when you leave.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Prosz\u0119<\/strong> tu <strong>nie pali\u0107<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/em>(\u201c<strong>Please do not smoke<\/strong> here.\u201d \/ \u201c<strong>Please stop smoking<\/strong> here.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Prosz\u0119<\/strong> mi <strong>wybaczy\u0107<\/strong>.<\/em> (\u201c<strong>Please excuse<\/strong> me.\u201d)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The Polish Imperative Verbs Grammar Challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You&#8217;ve studied all the basic rules governing Polish imperative verbs. Hopefully, you now feel more confident in your ability to use them correctly. But do you really have what it takes to take up the\u00a0<strong>Imperative Verbs Grammar Challenge<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/languages\/learn-polish-online\">Click here and start practicing using Polish imperative verbs in actual sentences with Clozemaster!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polish imperative verbs are special verb forms whose purpose is\u00a0issuing commands, giving advice, making requests\u00a0and many others. In English, you would usually use the infinitive verb form, as in\u00a0\u201cClean your room.\u201d Alternatively, the verb \u201cto let\u201d is used to make imperative-like suggestions, usually as \u201clet&#8217;s\u201d: \u201cLet&#8217;s go for a walk.\u201d In Polish, you have to &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/polish-imperative-verbs\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Complete Guide to Polish Imperative Verbs<\/span>Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,573],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn-polish","category-polish-grammar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Complete Guide to Polish Imperative Verbs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Polish has several types of imperative verbs, so choosing the correct one can be really tricky. This complete guide will help you figure it all out.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/polish-imperative-verbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Complete Guide to Polish Imperative Verbs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Polish has several types of imperative verbs, so choosing the correct one can be really tricky. 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