{"id":5011,"date":"2021-11-22T16:53:40","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T16:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/?p=5011"},"modified":"2021-11-22T16:53:41","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T16:53:41","slug":"italian-tenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/italian-tenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5017\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-scaled.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-2048x1363.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It is no secret, <strong>Italian verb tenses<\/strong> can be a challenge for language learners, especially if your native tongue is English.<\/p>\n<p>Italian is a rich language, and its verb tenses seem to be endless. Why can you not just have one past, one present and one future, you might ask? But where would be the fun in that!<\/p>\n<p>In this guide on Italian tenses you will discover that actually, all tenses are quite useful, and that they are not that difficult to learn and use, after all. You just need to remember a few simple principles, and you will start using verbs like a native speaker.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s dive into the <strong>main function of each tense<\/strong>, with <strong>examples<\/strong> and <strong>tables<\/strong> with the regular conjugation for all 3 groups.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_plxchiwjjnna\"><\/a>The 3 groups: -are, -ere, -ire<\/h2>\n<p>If you are an experience language learner, you already know what I am talking about. If not, don\u2019t worry! In Italian, <strong>regular verb conjugations are divided into three main groups:<\/strong> the verbs ending in &#8211;<strong>ARE<\/strong> are group #1, the verbs ending in &#8211;<strong>ERE<\/strong> are group #2 and the verbs ending in &#8211;<strong>IRE<\/strong> form group #3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211;<em>ARE<\/em>: studiare, cantare, camminare, cucinare, etc.<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;<em>ERE<\/em>: correre, scrivere, leggere, credere, etc.<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;<em>IRE<\/em>: dormire, sentire, partire, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this post, we will look at all Italian verb tenses and their conjugations for these three groups.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_gry05m9k1k6h\"><\/a>Italian Tenses in the Indicative Mood<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with all the Italian tenses in the <strong><em>indicativo <\/em><\/strong>(indicative mood). Remember, <strong>moods are not tenses,<\/strong> but reflect the \u2018nature\u2019 of the action or event described by the verb. For instance, if the action is real we use the <strong>indicative<\/strong> mood; if it\u2019s a possibility, we need to use the <strong>subjunctive<\/strong>; if it\u2019s subject to particular conditions, we use the <strong>conditional<\/strong>; and if we\u2019re giving instructions or orders, we can use the <strong>imperative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>indicative<\/strong> mood has 8 tenses and is used to <strong>describe real events and actions<\/strong>. This is the most common mood in Italian: if you are a beginner learner, I would suggest you learn these tenses well before moving onto different moods.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_3xmeah88zm7v\"><\/a><strong>Italian Tenses: The Present<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Unlike English, which has the present simple and present continuous, Italian only has one present tense in the indicative mood: <strong><em>il presente<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This tense, of course, describes <strong><em>events and actions<\/em><\/strong> that happen <strong>in the present<\/strong>; it can also be used to express<strong> general truths<\/strong> and habits, and also events in the <strong>near future<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To form the present tense, simple remove \u201care\u201d, \u201cere\u201d or \u201cire\u201d from the stem of the verb and add the following endings.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lavor-are<\/strong> (to work): <em>o, i, a, iamo, ate, ano<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Scriv-ere <\/strong>(to write): <em>o, i, e, iamo, ete, ono<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Dorm-ire<\/strong> (to sleep): <em>o, i, e, iamo, ite, ono<\/em><a id=\"post-5011-_83c6bqg9vjrj\" style=\"font-size: revert; font-weight: revert;\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVOR-ARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIV-ERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORM-IRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavori<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavora<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrive<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorme<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoriamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriviamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormite<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"190\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Io <\/em><strong><em>dormo<\/em><\/strong><em> sempre almeno 8 ore.<\/em><br \/>\nI always sleep at least 8 hours.<\/li>\n<li><em>Domani <\/em><strong><em>lavorate<\/em><\/strong><em>?<\/em><br \/>\nAre you working tomorrow?<\/li>\n<li><em>Non riesco a leggerlo, Daria <\/em><strong><em>scrive<\/em><\/strong><em> malissimo!<\/em><br \/>\nI can\u2019t read this, Daria\u2019s writing is awful (Daria writes really badly).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_fq8sxhlit4zu\"><\/a><strong>Italian Tenses: The Past<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>There are 5 past tenses in the indicative mood: <strong><em>passato prossimo, passato remoto, imperfetto, trapassato prossimo <\/em><\/strong>and<strong><em> trapassato remoto. <\/em><\/strong>Let\u2019s have a look at them one by one.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_v23ino779ykx\"><\/a><em><strong>Passato Prossimo<\/strong> <\/em><\/h4>\n<p>The <strong><em>passato prossimo <\/em><\/strong>is similar to the English present perfect. It is a compound tense (formed by 2 words) and it is used to talk about <strong>events in the past <\/strong>that might or might not have a reference with the present.<\/p>\n<p>To form it, simply use the present of <strong><em>essere <\/em>or<em> avere <\/em>followed by the past participle <\/strong>of the verb you want to conjugate. Here are the verbs we\u2019re going to look at and their past participle:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lavor-are<\/strong> (to work): <em>lavorato<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Vol-ere <\/strong>(to want): <em>voluto<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Dorm-ire<\/strong> (to sleep): <em>dormito<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"897\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"135\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"186\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"174\" \/>\n<col width=\"141\" \/>\n<col width=\"161\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">LAVORARE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">VOLERE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">DORMIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">io<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">ho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">tu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">hai<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lui, lei<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">ha<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"174\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"141\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">noi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">abbiamo<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">avete<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"135\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">loro<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"186\">\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">hanno<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"174\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">lavorato<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"141\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">voluto<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"161\"><span style=\"color: #242424;\">dormito<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>When using <strong><em>essere, <\/em><\/strong>remember that the past participle needs to agree in gender and number with the subject of the verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>And-are<\/strong> (to go): <em>andato\/a\/i\/e<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cad-ere <\/strong>(to fall): <em>caduto\/a\/i\/e<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Part-ire<\/strong> (to sleep): <em>partito\/a\/i\/e<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"24\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">\u00e8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">siamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">siete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Just keep in mind that there are a lot of <strong>irregular past participles for regular verbs<\/strong>, and that some irregular verbs actually have regular past participles\u2026<\/p>\n<p>I know, it\u2019s odd, but just by being aware of this you will pick them up spontaneously while practicing and listening to Italian. So don\u2019t worry!<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_i7cm4mlahnmg\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Avete dormito <\/em><\/strong><em>bene stanotte<\/em>?<br \/>\nDid you sleep well last night?<\/li>\n<li><em>Ieri <\/em><strong><em>ho lavorato<\/em><\/strong><em> fino alle 21.<br \/>\n<\/em> Yesterday I worked until 9pm.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Siamo partite<\/em><\/strong><em> in ritardo.<\/em><br \/>\nWe left late (female speakers).<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Sono caduto<\/em><\/strong><em> dalle scale settimana scorsa!<\/em><br \/>\nLast week I fell down the stairs!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_bkfm4c5sy66v\"><\/a><strong><em>Imperfetto <\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The imperfect tense is used for <strong>ongoing events in the past<\/strong>, <strong>uncompleted actions<\/strong> and <strong>descriptions<\/strong> in the past.<\/p>\n<p>To form it, remove -RE, from the stem, leaving the vowels A, E and I respectively and then add the following endings: -vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lavor-are<\/strong> (to work)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scriv-ere <\/strong>(to write)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dorm-ire<\/strong> (to sleep)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoravo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivevo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormivo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoravi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivevi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormivi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorava<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoravamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivevamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormivamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoravate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivevate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormivate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"121\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"221\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoravano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"217\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivevano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormivano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_dlp5eo9xwymb\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Scrivevate<\/em><\/strong><em> spesso a Tom. Lo fate ancora?<br \/>\n<\/em> You used to write to Tom often. Do you still do it?<\/li>\n<li><em>Da giovane <\/em><strong><em>dormivo<\/em><\/strong><em> sempre fino a tardi il fine settimana.<br \/>\n<\/em> When I was young, I used to sleep until late on the weekends.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lui <\/em><strong><em>lavorava<\/em><\/strong><em> per mio padre.<br \/>\n<\/em> He used to work for my father.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_agkjyzexnd9b\"><\/a><strong>Trapassato Prossimo<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>Trapassato prossimo <\/em><\/strong>is a compund verb similar to the past perfect tense in English. It is used to describe events and actions in the past that happened before another event described in the past.<\/p>\n<p>To form it, we use the<strong> imperfect tense of <em>essere <\/em>or<em> avere <\/em>followed by the past participle<\/strong> of the verb we want to conjugate.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lavor-are<\/strong> (to work): <em>lavorato<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Vol-ere <\/strong>(to want): <em>voluto<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Dorm-ire<\/strong> (to sleep): <em>dormito<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avevo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avevi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">aveva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avevamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avevate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avevano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<a id=\"post-5011-_jr3tftbfhtok\" style=\"font-size: revert; font-weight: revert;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">ero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">eri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">era<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">eravamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">eravate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">erano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Eri <\/em><\/strong><em>gi\u00e0<\/em><strong><em> partita<\/em><\/strong><em> quando sono arrivato.<br \/>\n<\/em> You had already left when I arrived.<\/li>\n<li><em>Quando \u00e8 suonata la sveglia<\/em><strong><em> avevamo dormito <\/em><\/strong><em>solo 3 ore.<br \/>\n<\/em> When the alarm went off, we had only slept 3 hours.<\/li>\n<li><em>Io<\/em><strong><em> non avevo<\/em><\/strong><em> mai <\/em><strong><em>lavorato<\/em><\/strong><em> per una casa editrice prima.<br \/>\n<\/em> I had never worked for a publishing house before.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_scperh6cd5ys\"><\/a><strong>Passato Remoto<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The <strong><em>passato remoto <\/em><\/strong>is similar in use to the <em>passato prossimo, <\/em>or the simple past in English. It expresses completed past actions and events.<\/p>\n<p>In theory, this tense should be used for describing the distant past. However, nowadays, this is no longer relevant, and the <em>passato remoto <\/em>is often used in Southern Italy as a simple past, while it is almost never used in spoken language in the Northern part of the peninsula.<\/p>\n<p>The passato remoto is also the privileged tense for storytelling. If you want to read books in Italian, make sure you learn this tense!<\/p>\n<p>To form it, remove the endings from the stem and add these:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Lavor-ARE<\/em><\/strong>: -ai, -asti, -\u00f2, -ammo, -aste, -arono<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Ricev-ERE <\/em><\/strong>(to receive): -ei\/etti, -esti, -\u00e9\/ette, -emmo, -este, -erono\/ettero<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Dormi-IRE<\/em><\/strong>: -ii, -isti, -\u00ec, -immo, -iste, -irono<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">RICEVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">ricevei \/ ricevetti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormii<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorasti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">ricevesti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormisti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavor\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">ricev\u00e9 \/ ricevette<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorm\u00ec<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorammo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">ricevemmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormimmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoraste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">riceveste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"94\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorarono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"341\">\n<p align=\"left\">riceverono \/ ricevettero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"164\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_9iogni2vk6s8\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quell\u2019anno a Natale non <strong>ricevette<\/strong> nessun regalo.<br \/>\nThat year he did not receive any presents for Christmas.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Lavorai<\/em><\/strong><em> per suo padre per ben 10 anni.<br \/>\n<\/em> I worked for her father for 10 years.<\/li>\n<li><em>Mi ricordo solo che <\/em><strong><em>dormiste<\/em><\/strong><em> fino a tardi quel giorno.<br \/>\n<\/em> I only remember that you slept until late that day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_v0q4m518t7rh\"><\/a><strong>Trapassato Remoto<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The<strong><em> trapassato remoto<\/em><\/strong> has a very limited use. It is a compound tense used to describe <strong>an action that precedes another action<\/strong> described in the <em>passato remoto.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It is formed by adding the past participle of the verb we are conjugating to the <em>passato remoto <\/em>of <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere.<\/em><\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">ebbi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avesti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">ebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avemmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">aveste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">ebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 903px;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">fui<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">fosti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">fu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">fummo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">foste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 135.308px;\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 158.692px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">furono<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 206px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 204px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent; width: 194px;\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_vkd8jig01uhe\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dopo che <\/em><strong><em>ebbe dormito<\/em><\/strong><em>, ricominci\u00f2 a studiare.<br \/>\n<\/em> After he had slept, he started studying again.<\/li>\n<li><em>Si rilass\u00f2 solo dopo che <\/em><strong><em>furono partiti<\/em><\/strong><em>.<br \/>\n<\/em> She relaxed only after they had gone.<\/li>\n<li><em>Dopo che <\/em><strong><em>ebbi lavorato<\/em><\/strong><em> 12 ore cadetti a terra.<br \/>\n<\/em> After I had worked for 12 hours, I fell to the ground.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_jkp82wvst2fb\"><\/a><strong>Italian Tenses: The Future<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>There are two tenses to talk about the future in Italian: <strong><em>futuro semplice <\/em><\/strong>and<strong><em> futuro anteriore. <\/em><\/strong>As we already mentioned, however, we can also sometimes use the present to talk about the near future.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_z0gn1wrk9ciu\"><\/a><strong><em>Futuro Semplice<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>This is the equivalent to the English <strong>future simple<\/strong>. It describes events and actions in the future and can also be used to express assumptions.<\/p>\n<p>To form it, we remove the infinitive endings from the stem and add the future endings.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the conjugations of <strong>-ARE and -ERE are the same<\/strong>, while for -IRE the -e- changes into an -i-.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorer\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriver\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormir\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorerai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriverai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorer\u00e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriver\u00e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormir\u00e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoreremo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveremo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiremo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorerete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriverete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoreranno<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveranno<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiranno<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_cu1nak760ao\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Scriveremo<\/em><\/strong><em> a Natalie tutte le settimane per sapere come sta.<br \/>\n<\/em> We will write to Natalie every week to know how she is.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Dormirete<\/em><\/strong><em> a Milano venerd\u00ec sera?<br \/>\n<\/em> Will you sleep in Milan on Friday?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Lavorer\u00f2<\/em><\/strong><em> tutto il fine settimana.<br \/>\n<\/em> I will work all weekend.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"post-5011-_gfi3y5qeucqc\"><\/a><strong><em>Futuro Anteriore<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>You can use the <strong><em>futuro anteriore <\/em><\/strong>to talk about an event that happens in the future <strong>before another future event<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>It can also be used for expressing an assumption in the past.<\/p>\n<p>To form it, use the future simple of the verb <em>essere <\/em>or<em> avere <\/em>followed by the past participle of the verb you are conjugating.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avr\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avrai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avr\u00e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avremo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avrete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avranno<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sar\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sarai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sar\u00f2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">saremo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sarete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">saranno<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a id=\"post-5011-_90b29sbo8ns6\"><\/a><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Sar\u00f2<\/em><\/strong><em> gi\u00e0 <\/em><strong><em>partito<\/em><\/strong><em> quando arrivi.<br \/>\n<\/em> I will have already left when you arrive.<\/li>\n<li><em>Daria \u00e8 in ritardo, <\/em><strong><em>avr\u00e0 dormito<\/em><\/strong><em> fino a tardi.<br \/>\n<\/em> Daria is late, she has probably overslept.<\/li>\n<li><em>Dov\u2019\u00e8 Ugo? <\/em><strong><em>Sar\u00e0 andato<\/em><\/strong><em> a casa?<br \/>\n<\/em> Where is Ugo? Has he gone home?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_f1w9vm4b0b4k\"><\/a>Italian Tenses in the Subjunctive Mood<\/h2>\n<p>The <strong><em>congiuntivo <\/em><\/strong>(subjunctive mood) is used to express uncertainty, for example in hypothetical sentences, together with the <strong><em>condizionale, <\/em><\/strong>which we will see just below.<\/p>\n<p>It also goes with specific verbs that usually express an opinion (<em>pensare, credere, sembrare, etc.<\/em>) and <strong>with specific expressions and conjunctions<\/strong> (<em>sono contento che\u2026 &#8211; sebbene\u2026 etc.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_ri8xdf3idf6t\"><\/a><strong>Present<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The present of the subjunctive mood is used in subordinate clauses that follow a verb in the present indicative, is usually introduced by <strong><em>che <\/em><\/strong>(that\/which) and expresses a simultaneous or posterior event\/action.<\/p>\n<p>Here are the conjugations of the <strong><em>congiuntivo presente <\/em><\/strong>for the lavor-ARE, scriv-ERE and dorm-IRE regular verbs.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavori<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavori<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavori<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriva<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoriamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriviamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoriate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriviate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"158\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">che loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"220\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorino<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"205\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"189\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Voglio che <\/em><strong><em>lavoriate<\/em><\/strong><em> fino alle 17.<br \/>\n<\/em> I want you to work until 5pm.<\/li>\n<li><em>Penso che lei <\/em><strong><em>scriva<\/em><\/strong><em> spesso a Giulia.<br \/>\n<\/em> I think she writes to Giulia often.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sembra che <\/em><strong><em>dormano<\/em><\/strong><em>.<br \/>\n<\/em> It looks like they\u2019re sleeping.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_qr03qtfwgmxd\"><\/a><strong>Passato<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>past subjunctive<\/strong> is also found in subordinate clauses that follow a verb in the present indicative, but it expresses an <strong>event\/action that happened before<\/strong> the main clause.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s its conjugation; it is formed by the present subjunctive of the verb <em>essere <\/em>or <em>avere <\/em>followed by the past participle of the verb you are conjugating.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbiamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbiate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">abbiano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">siamo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">siate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">siano<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Sebbene <\/em><strong><em>siate partiti <\/em><\/strong><em>in orario, siete arrivati in ritardo.<br \/>\n<\/em> Even though you left on time, you arrived late.<\/li>\n<li><em>Penso che tu <\/em><strong><em>non abbia dormito<\/em><\/strong><em> abbastanza stanotte!<br \/>\n<\/em> I think you did not sleep enough last night!<\/li>\n<li><em>Spero che il pacco <\/em><strong><em>non sia caduto<\/em><\/strong><em>, \u00e8 fragile.<br \/>\n<\/em> I hope the parcel did not fall, it is fragile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_1hdl6je3mj59\"><\/a><strong>Imperfetto<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong><em>congiuntivo imperfetto <\/em><\/strong>(imperfect subjunctive) is used in subordinate clauses following an indicative past tense and expresses <strong>contemporaneity<\/strong> or <strong>posteriority<\/strong>. It is also used in hypothetical sentences.<\/p>\n<p>It also <strong>must be used with certain verbs<\/strong> (pensare, credere, sembrare,\u2026), expressions (mi dispiace che\u2026) and conjunctions (prima che, sebbene,\u2026).<\/p>\n<p>As you will see below, the <strong><em>congiuntivo imperfetto <\/em><\/strong>often has a double \u2018s\u2019: it\u2019s a good way to recognise it and remember its conjugation!<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorassi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivessi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormissi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorassi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivessi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormissi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorasse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivesse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormisse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorassimo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivessimo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormissimo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">che voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoraste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"173\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">che loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"204\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorassero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"201\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivessero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"195\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormissero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pensavo che oggi <\/em><strong><em>lavorassi<\/em><\/strong><em>!<br \/>\n<\/em> I thought you worked today!<\/li>\n<li><em>Se <\/em><strong><em>scrivesse<\/em><\/strong><em> bene, si riuscirebbe a leggere.<br \/>\n<\/em> If she wrote well, it could be readable.<\/li>\n<li><em>Se <\/em><strong><em>dormissero<\/em><\/strong><em> meno la mattina avrebbero tempo per andare a fare una passeggiata.<br \/>\n<\/em> If they slept less in the morning, they\u2019d have time to go for a walk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_mnp5aacuv3zg\"><\/a><strong>Trapassato<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong><em>congiuntivo trapassato<\/em><\/strong> (past perfect subjunctive) is used in subordinate clauses following a past tense in the indicative mood (e.g. <em>indicativo imperfetto<\/em>). It expresses something that happened before the verb of the main clause; it is also useful to form hypothetical conditional sentences that express impossibility.<\/p>\n<p>It is formed by conjugating <strong><em>essere or avere in the congiuntivo imperfetto <\/em><\/strong>(see above) followed by the past participle of the verb.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avessi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avessi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avesse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avessimo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">aveste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avessero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">fossi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">fossi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">fosse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">fossimo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">foste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">fossero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Se ti <\/em><strong><em>fosse caduta <\/em><\/strong><em>la bottiglia si sarebbe rotta di sicuro.<br \/>\n<\/em> If you had let the bottle fall, it would have broken for sure.<\/li>\n<li><em>Se <\/em><strong><em>aveste dormito<\/em><\/strong><em> ieri oggi sareste in forma.<br \/>\n<\/em> If you had slept last night, you\u2019d be ok today.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pensavo che<\/em><strong><em> fossero <\/em><\/strong><em>gi\u00e0 <\/em><strong><em>partiti<\/em><\/strong><em>, invece sono ancora a casa.<br \/>\n<\/em> I thought they had already left, but they\u2019re still at home.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_86ckbtwyuu7l\"><\/a>Italian Tenses in the Conditional Mood<\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>conditional mood<\/strong> (<em>condizionale<\/em>) is used to express an event or situation that will happen only if one or more conditions are met. These are called conditional clauses. We have two tenses in the conditional: present and past.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_fm1q21k6dh98\"><\/a><strong>Present<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong><em>condizionale presente <\/em><\/strong>is used to express wishes and after a hypothetical clause. It is also often employed as a sign of politeness when asking or ordering something.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorerei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriverei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoreresti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveresti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiresti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorerebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriverebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavoreremmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriveremmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormiremmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorereste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivereste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormireste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"103\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"227\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorerebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"223\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriverebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"219\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormirebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Scriveresti<\/em><\/strong><em> questo per me per favore?<br \/>\n<\/em> Would you write this for me, please?<\/li>\n<li><em>Lui non <\/em><strong><em>lavorerebbe<\/em><\/strong><em> mai se potesse.<br \/>\n<\/em> He would never work if he could.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Dormirei<\/em><\/strong><em> fino a tardi oggi\u2026<br \/>\n<\/em> I would (like to) sleep until late today&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_aygvu1edmyk5\"><\/a><strong>Past<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong><em>condizionale passato <\/em><\/strong>usually comes after a hypothetical clause to express the impossibility of it. It is also used to express the \u2018future in the past\u2019 (have a look at the examples!).<\/p>\n<p>It is formed by conjugating the auxiliary <em>essere or avere<\/em> in the present conditional, followed by the past participle of the main verb.<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"98\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"144\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"214\" \/>\n<col width=\"162\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">VOLERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avrei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avresti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avrebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"162\">\n<p align=\"left\">voluto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"184\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avremmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"31\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avreste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"98\" height=\"30\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"left\">avrebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"214\">lavorato<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"162\">voluto<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"184\">dormito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And with <strong><em>essere<\/em><\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">ANDARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">PARTIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">io<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sarei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">tu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">saresti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">lui, lei<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sarebbe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andato\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partito\/a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">noi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">saremmo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">voi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sareste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"118\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">loro<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"125\">\n<p align=\"left\">sarebbero<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"170\">\n<p align=\"left\">andati\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"168\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"left\">partiti\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Sarei andata<\/em><\/strong><em> a fare la spesa se l\u2019avessi saputo.<br \/>\n<\/em> I\u2019d have gone grocery shopping if I had known.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pensavo che <\/em><strong><em>sarebbero partiti <\/em><\/strong><em>alle 9.<br \/>\n<\/em> I thought they would leave at 9.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lei <\/em><strong><em>avrebbe voluto<\/em><\/strong><em> lavorare, ma non la lasciarono.<br \/>\n<\/em> She would have worked, but they didn\u2019t let her.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_hh4p41dr9nza\"><\/a>Italian Tenses in the Imperative Mood<\/h2>\n<p>The imperative mood only has one tense: the <strong><em>imperativo presente. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As this mood is used to <strong>address someone and give orders and instructions<\/strong>, it can only be conjugated in the 2nd person singular and plural:<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">(io)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">(tu)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavora!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivi!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormi!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">(formal Lei)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavori!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">scriva!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">dorma!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">(noi)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"left\">(voi)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorate!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivete!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormite!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"133\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">(Loro)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"214\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"208\">\n<p align=\"left\">&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"218\">\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Dormite<\/em><\/strong><em>, \u00e8 tardi!<br \/>\n<\/em> Sleep, it\u2019s late!<\/li>\n<li><em>Per favore Cristina, <\/em><strong><em>lavora<\/em><\/strong><em> su questo progetto oggi.<br \/>\n<\/em> Please, Cristina, work on this project today.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Scrivete<\/em><\/strong><em> questa frase sui vostri quaderni\u2026<br \/>\n<\/em> Write this sentence down in your notebooks&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_ydoseceqh8jw\"><\/a>Italian Tenses: Infinite Moods<\/h2>\n<p>The infinite moods are the <strong><em>infinito <\/em><\/strong>(infinitive), <strong><em>gerundio <\/em><\/strong>(gerund) and <strong><em>participio <\/em><\/strong>(participle). These do not go with personal pronouns directly, but are used to form other verbal forms. They all have one present and one past tense.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s have a look at them!<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-5011-_pcjbgcxludyx\"><\/a><strong>Infinito, Participio, Gerundio<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong><em>infinito presente <\/em><\/strong>is the non-conjugated form of the verb (this is how you find verbs in the dictionary): <em>lavorare<\/em>, <em>scrivere<\/em>,<em> dormire<\/em>.<br \/>\nThe <strong><em>infinito passato <\/em><\/strong>is formed by the infinitive form of <em>essere <\/em>or <em>avere <\/em>followed by the past participle of the verb you want to use. It is used after certain prepositions, like <strong><em>per <\/em><\/strong>(for)<strong><em>, <\/em><\/strong>or expressions like <strong><em>dopo <\/em><\/strong>(after).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">avere lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">essere caduto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">avere dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong><em>gerundio presente <\/em><\/strong>is used to form the progressive form with the verb <strong><em>stare. <\/em><\/strong><em>(i.e.: stavo dormendo; stai lavorando?; etc.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorando<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">cadendo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormendo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong><em>gerundio passato<\/em><\/strong> is a compound tense formed by the verbs <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> in the present gerund and the past participle of the main verb. It is used in adverbial subordinate clauses to indicate the anteriority of a completed action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">avendo lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">essendo caduto\/a\/i\/e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">avendo dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>The function of the <strong><em>participio presente<\/em> nowadays <\/strong>is that of a noun or an adjective. It is almost never used as a verb. It can sometimes replace a relative clause.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">SCRIVERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorante<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">scrivente<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormente\/dormiente<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong><em>participio passato <\/em><\/strong>on the other hand is very important: as we mentioned throughout the text, it is used to form compound tenses and the passive form. It can also be used as an adjective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Be careful, many regular verbs can have an irregular past participle!<\/p>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"16\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">LAVORARE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">CADERE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">DORMIRE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"271\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"left\">lavorato<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"270\">\n<p align=\"left\">caduto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"263\">\n<p align=\"left\">dormito<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><a id=\"post-5011-_vghg539uai3r\"><\/a>Italian Tenses \u2013 Summary<\/h2>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"36\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Indicativo<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"364\" height=\"132\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studio)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Imperfetto (studiavo)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Passato remoto (studiai)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Futuro (studier\u00f2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"495\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato prossimo (ho studiato)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Trapassato prossimo (avevo studiato)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Trapassato remoto (ebbi studiato)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Futuro anteriore (avr\u00f2 studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Condizionale<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"364\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studierei)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"495\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato (avrei studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Congiuntivo<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"364\" height=\"69\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (che io studi)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Imperfetto (che io studiassi)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"495\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato (che io abbia studiato)<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Trapassato (che io avessi studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Imperativo<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"364\" height=\"29\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studia!)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"495\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"903\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"36\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Infinito<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"387\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studiare)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"472\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato(aver studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Participio<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"387\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studiante)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"472\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato (studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"879\" height=\"38\">\n<p align=\"left\"><b>Gerundio<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"387\" height=\"36\">\n<p align=\"left\">Presente (studiando)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: transparent;\" width=\"472\">\n<p align=\"left\">Passato (avendo studiato)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"background: #000; border-radius: 10px; color: #fff; margin-bottom: 1.6em; padding: 20px 30px 30px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 2em; font-weight: bold;\">Learn Italian faster with Clozemaster ?<\/div>\n<p><strong>Clozemaster\u00a0<\/strong>has been designed to help you learn the language in context by filling in the gaps in authentic sentences. With features such as Grammar Challenges, Cloze-Listening, and Cloze-Reading, the app will let you emphasize all the competencies necessary to become fluent in Italian.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/languages\/learn-italian-online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Take your Italian to the next level. Click here to start practicing with real Italian sentences!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is no secret, Italian verb tenses can be a challenge for language learners, especially if your native tongue is English. Italian is a rich language, and its verb tenses seem to be endless. Why can you not just have one past, one present and one future, you might ask? But where would be the &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/italian-tenses\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native<\/span>Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4578],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-italian-grammar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It is no secret, Italian verb tenses can be a challenge for language learners, especially if your native tongue is English. Let\u2019s dive into the main function of each Italian tense, with examples and tables with the regular conjugation for all 3 groups.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/italian-tenses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is no secret, Italian verb tenses can be a challenge for language learners, especially if your native tongue is English. Let\u2019s dive into the main function of each Italian tense, with examples and tables with the regular conjugation for all 3 groups.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/italian-tenses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Clozemaster Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/clozemaster\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-22T16:53:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-22T16:53:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marta Fava\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@clozemaster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@clozemaster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marta Fava\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marta Fava\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/537e68438991f4f57642223550471323\"},\"headline\":\"Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-22T16:53:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T16:53:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3633,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Italian Grammar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/\",\"name\":\"Italian Verb Tenses and Moods: Learn to Speak Like a Native\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/italian-tenses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.clozemaster.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/shutterstock_1923719279-1-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-22T16:53:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T16:53:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"It is no secret, Italian verb tenses can be a challenge for language learners, especially if your native tongue is English. 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