{"id":3048,"date":"2019-04-15T19:45:53","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T19:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/?p=3048"},"modified":"2019-05-13T19:35:27","modified_gmt":"2019-05-13T19:35:27","slug":"essere-conjugation-italian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/essere-conjugation-italian\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything You Need to Know About the Conjugation of \u201cEssere\u201d in Italian"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1453\" height=\"970\" class=\"wp-image-3049\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/word-image-5.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/word-image-5.jpeg 1453w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/word-image-5-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/word-image-5-768x513.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/word-image-5-1024x684.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1453px) 100vw, 1453px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Learning the conjugation of the verb <em>essere <\/em>is fundamental if you want to learn Italian, as it is by far the most used verb of the language. <em>Essere<\/em> is an auxiliary verb, which means it is used to make other verbal tenses.<\/p>\n<p><em>Essere<\/em> is also irregular, so you will have to learn all of its forms by heart. But don\u2019t worry\u2014once you learn how the compound tenses are made, you will already be halfway through. Let\u2019s see how\u00a0to conjugate\u00a0<em>essere<\/em>,\u00a0and how it is used in common Italian phrases.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The finite moods of <em>essere<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are four finite moods in Italian: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Essere <\/em>\u2013 Conjugation in the Indicative Mood<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The indicative mood is made up of eight tenses, four simple tenses, and four compound tenses. It is used to express certainty that an action happened or that it will happen.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Simple tenses<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Presente<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sono<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I am<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>sei<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>\u00e8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>siamo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>siete<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>sono<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Io <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sono<\/strong> <\/span>un ingegnere. (I am an engineer.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you can see, you don\u2019t have to add the subject to the sentence when it is implied by the verb. You could get rid of <em>io<\/em> in the first example and the sentence would still be grammatically correct.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Imperfetto<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>ero<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I was<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>eri<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>era<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She was<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>eravamo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>eravate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>erano<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The imperfect tense is used when talking about an action that was going on at the time of speaking, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I vicini <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>erano<\/strong> <\/span>in vacanza ieri. (The neighbors were on holiday yesterday.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Passato remoto<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>fui<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I was<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>fosti<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>fu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She was<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>fummo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>foste<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>furono<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The remote past tense is used when describing events that happened a long time ago. The verb <em>essere<\/em>\u00a0itself is seldom used in this form\u2014mostly as an auxiliary to other verbs, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quella notte <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>fummo<\/strong> <strong>fermati<\/strong><\/span> dalla polizia. (We were stopped by the police that night.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Futuro semplice<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sar\u00f2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>sarai<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>sar\u00e0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>saremo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>sarete<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>saranno<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They will be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Domani <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>saremo<\/strong> <\/span>a casa. (We will be home tomorrow.)<\/li>\n<li>Arianna <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sar\u00e0<\/strong> <\/span>a Roma settimana prossima (Arianna will be in Rome next week.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This tense can also be used to express doubt, to give orders, or to provide an estimate. These ways of using the future tense are only used in colloquial speech.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Compound tenses<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>These tenses are built by pairing the auxiliary verb with its respective past participle form.<\/p>\n<p>There are four compound tenses in the indicativ. To create them, all you have to do is use the conjugated simple form of <em>essere<\/em> in the tense you need, and add the participle <em>stato<\/em> to it. Once you learn how to conjugate\u00a0<em>essere<\/em> in the simple tenses, you will be able to easily construct the following tenses as well.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Passato prossimo<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sono stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>sei stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>\u00e8 stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She has been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>siamo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>siete stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>sono stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The most versatile past tense, <em>passato prossimo<\/em> is used to indicate an action that happened and reached its conclusion in the past, compared to <em>imperfetto<\/em>, where the action was still happening at the time of speaking.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>Sono stato<\/strong><\/span> in chiesa. (I have been to church.)<\/li>\n<li>Ieri <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>siamo stati<\/strong><\/span> al museo. (We have been at the museum yesterday.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Trapassato prossimo<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>ero stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>eri stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>era stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>eravamo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>eravate stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>erano stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They had been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Marco <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>era<\/strong> <\/span>appena <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>stato<\/strong> <\/span>dal parrucchiere ieri, quando ha ricevuto una chiamata. (Marco had just been to the hairdresser yesterday, when he received a call.)<\/li>\n<li>Io e Giulia <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>eravamo stati <\/strong><\/span>a scuola la mattina, e siamo tornati a casa insieme. (Giulia and I had been at school in the morning, and we came home together.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This tense is used to talk about an action or event already performed in the past, which precedes another to which it is connected and which is expressed by a past tense. Nowadays, it is only used very rarely.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Trapassato remoto <\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>fui stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>fosti stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>fu stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>fummo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>foste stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>furono stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This tense does not have an English equivalent, and it is rarely used in Italian as well. Like the <em>passato remoto<\/em>, we use this tense when we refer to events that happened a long time ago, that were then followed by another event, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dopo che Anna <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>fu stata <\/strong><\/span>dal commercialista, si imbatt\u00e9 in Luca. (After Anna was at the accountant&#8217;s, she came across Luca.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is archaic and being gradually replaced by <em>passato prossimo, so<\/em> you will mostly find it in older works of literature.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Futuro anteriore<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sar\u00f2 stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>sarai stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>sar\u00e0 stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>saremo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>sarete stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>saranno stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They will have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This tense is used when you want to talk about what is going to happen once the action will have happened in the future, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dopo che <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sar\u00f2 stato<\/strong><\/span> in banca, andr\u00f2 a visitare Carlo in ospedale. (After I will have been to the bank, I will visit Carlo in the hospital.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Three out of the four compound tenses are only used to describe events in relation to other events. They do not make sense in standalone sentences. <em>Passato remoto<\/em> is the only compound tense that works by itself.<\/li>\n<li><em>Essere<\/em> can be an auxiliary to itself, unlike in English.<\/li>\n<li>The phrase that follows one with the compound tense <strong>has to<\/strong> be in the corresponding simple tense. So, if you use <em>trapassato remoto<\/em>, the following phrase has to be in <em>passato remote, <\/em>and if you use <em>future anteriore,<\/em> the following phrase has to be in <em>future semplice<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong><em>Essere <\/em>\u2013 Conjugation in the Subjunctive Mood<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The subjunctive (<em>congiuntivo<\/em>) mood is used to express subjectivity, uncertainty, or doubt.<\/p>\n<p>It is used in subordinate clauses\u2014clauses that cannot exist as a complete sentence because they do not express a complete thought\u2014and always introduced by the word <em>che<\/em> (that). Like the indicative, it has simple and compound tenses. Let\u2019s see how to conjugate <em>essere<\/em> in the subjunctive mood.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Simple tenses<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Presente<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Che io <strong>sia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I am<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che tu <strong>sia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che lui \/ lei <strong>sia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che noi <strong>siamo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che voi <strong>siate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che essi <strong>siano<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They are<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Penso che Giacomo <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sia<\/strong><\/span> triste. (I think that Giacomo is sad.)<\/li>\n<li>Credo che <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>siate<\/strong><\/span> in ritardo. (I believe that you are late.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Imperfetto<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Che io <strong>fossi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) I were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che tu <strong>fossi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) you were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che lui \/ lei <strong>fosse<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) he \/ she were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che noi <strong>fossimo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) we were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che voi <strong>foste<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) you were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che essi <strong>fossero<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>(that) they were<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Vorrei tu <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>fossi<\/strong> <\/span>qui. (I wish you were here.)<\/li>\n<li>Credevo <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>fossimo<\/strong> <\/span>i migliori. (I thought we were the best.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Compound tenses<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>You create these by adding <em>stato<\/em> to the corresponding auxiliary.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Passato<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Che io <strong>sia stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che tu <strong>sia stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che lui \/ lei <strong>sia stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>He \/ She has been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che noi <strong>siamo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>We have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che voi <strong>siate stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>You have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che essi <strong>siano stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>They have been<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Credo che Marco e Giulia <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>siano stati<\/strong><\/span> qui ieri. (I believe that Marco and Giulia have been here yesterday.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Trapassato<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Che io <strong>fossi stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che tu <strong>fossi stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che lui \/ lei <strong>fosse stato\/a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che noi <strong>fossimo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che voi <strong>foste stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Che essi <strong>fossero stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This tense is used to express a past possibility or a need that has not happened or been realized, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Credevo tu <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>fossi stato <\/strong><\/span>al McDonald\u2019s del paese ieri. (I thought you had been at the town\u2019s McDonald\u2019s yesterday.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The word <em>che<\/em> can be omitted when the verb expresses doubt or uncertainty. It cannot be omitted when expressing will.<\/li>\n<li>The subjunctive mood does not have its own conjugation in English.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong><em>Essere <\/em>\u2013 Conjugation in the Conditional Mood<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The conditional (<em>condizionale<\/em>) mood is used to indicate an event that will happen only if a certain condition is satisfied.<\/p>\n<p>Below is the conjugation of <em>essere<\/em> in\u00a0the two tenses of the conditional mood.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Presente <\/strong><\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sarei<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>saresti<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>sarebbe<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>saremmo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>sareste<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>sarebbero<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Tu e Mario <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sareste<\/strong> <\/span>in grado di vincere, se vi impegnaste di pi\u00f9. (You and Mario would be capable of winning, if you worked harder.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Passato<\/strong><\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Io <strong>sarei stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>saresti stato<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>sarebbe stato \/ a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>saremmo stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>sareste stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>sarebbero stati<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>Luigi e Anna <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sarebbero stati<\/strong><\/span> promossi se non fosse capitato quell\u2019incidente. (Luigi and Anna would have been promoted if that accident hadn&#8217;t happened.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The English language does not have the conditional mood. To create hypothetical sentences, it uses <a href=\"https:\/\/learnenglish.britishcouncil.org\/intermediate-grammar\/conditionals-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conditional sentences<\/a> instead.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Note:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The subordinate phrase of a conditional sentence is always in the subjunctive mood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong><em>Essere <\/em>\u2013 Conjugation in the Imperative Mood<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The imperative mood is used to give commands and orders.<\/p>\n<p>In English, it is rendered with the present simple.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Tu <strong>sii<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lui \/ Lei <strong>sia<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Noi <strong>siamo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voi <strong>siate<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essi <strong>siano<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This mood isn\u2019t used at all outside of works of literature or movies to add a dramatic effect to what\u2019s being said, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Che <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>sia<\/strong> <\/span>portata in prigione. (Take her to jail.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>The indefinite moods of <em>essere<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>These moods do not have a subject, hence the name \u201cindefinite\u201d. They are used in subordinate sentences, where you can figure out the missing subject from the context.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Infinitive<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Past<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essere<\/td>\n<td>Essere stato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>Participle<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Past<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essente<\/td>\n<td>Stato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>Gerund<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Present<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Past<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Essendo<\/td>\n<td>Essendo stato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The infinitive present is the base form of the verb, so this is the form you look for when looking up a verb in a dictionary.<\/li>\n<li>Do not expect to see <em>essente<\/em> anywhere. <em>Stato<\/em> on the other hand is all over the conjugation.<\/li>\n<li>The gerund is used to express the contemporaneity, anteriority, causality, or consequentiality of one action with respect to another. Here&#8217;s an example:\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>Essendo stato<\/strong><\/span> gi\u00e0 tre volte a Barcellona, l&#8217;anno prossimo andr\u00f2 a Madrid. (Having been to Barcelona three times already, next year I\u2019m going to Madrid.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Challenge yourself with Clozemaster<\/h2>\n<p>Learning how to conjugate\u00a0<em>essere<\/em> might seem daunting at first, but don\u2019t worry, it comes naturally with practice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Test your skills and see what you\u2019ve learned from this article by playing a selection of Italian sentences with\u00a0conjugated forms of\u00a0<em>essere<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"border: 2px solid green;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/embedded\/languages\/ita-eng\/collections\/b6ad0231-3623-4a34-a663-ceb61a66cfc9\/play?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;skill=vocabulary&amp;sentences_per_round=10&amp;mode=multiple-choice\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span>\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/languages\/learn-italian-online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sign up here<\/a>\u00a0to save your progress and start getting fluent with thousands of Italian sentences at Clozemaster.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Clozemaster\u00a0<\/strong>has been designed to help you learn the language in context by filling in the gaps in authentic sentences. With\u00a0features such as Grammar Challenges, Cloze-Listening, and Cloze-Reading, the app will let you emphasize all the competencies necessary to become fluent in Italian.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/languages\/learn-italian-online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take your Italian to the next level. Click here to start practicing with real Italian sentences!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3055 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/essere-italian-conjugation-1-e1555171359776.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" \/><br \/>\n<script async defer data-pin-hover=\"true\" data-pin-tall=\"true\" src=\"\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinit.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learning the conjugation of the verb essere is fundamental if you want to learn Italian, as it is by far the most used verb of the language. Essere is an auxiliary verb, which means it is used to make other verbal tenses. Essere is also irregular, so you will have to learn all of its &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozemaster.com\/blog\/essere-conjugation-italian\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Everything You Need to Know About the Conjugation of \u201cEssere\u201d in Italian<\/span>Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4578],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-italian-grammar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Everything You Need to Know About the Conjugation of \u201cEssere\u201d in Italian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learning the conjugation of the verb \u201cessere\u201d is fundamental if you want to learn Italian, as it is by far the most used verb of the language. 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